Available Models
All models inherit from PrimaryFlux and implement the same interface.
They accept an optional geomagnetic_cutoff parameter (in GV) that zeros
the flux below the corresponding rigidity for each nucleus.
Model Comparison
Nucleon Flux
All-nucleon flux (proton + neutron) scaled by \(E^{2.5}\) for visibility across the full energy range.
All-Particle Flux
Total flux of all nuclei (all-particle spectrum) scaled by \(E^{2.5}\).
Neutron Fraction
Fraction of neutrons in the nucleon flux, showing composition differences between models.
Mean Logarithmic Mass
\(\langle\ln A\rangle\) as a function of energy per particle. Higher values indicate heavier composition.
Parameterized Models
| Class | Reference | Energy Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
HillasGaisser2012 |
Gaisser, Astropart. Phys. 35, 801 (2012) | Full range | Variants: H3a, H4a |
H3a_polygonato |
Modified Gaisser (2012) | Full range | Poly-gonato at low E |
GaisserStanevTilav |
Gaisser, Stanev, Tilav, arXiv:1303.3565 (2013) | Full range | Variants: 3-gen, 4-gen |
CombinedGHandHG |
Fedynitch et al., PRD 86, 114024 (2012) | Full range | GH at low E, HG at high E |
PolyGonato |
Hoerandel, Astropart. Phys. 19, 193 (2003) | Full range | 11 mass groups |
ZatsepinSokolskaya |
Zatsepin & Sokolskaya, A&A 458, 1 (2006) | < 1-10 PeV | Variants: default, pamela |
GaisserHonda |
Gaisser & Honda, ARNPS 52, 153 (2002) | < 100 TeV | Tuned to balloon data |
Thunman |
Thunman et al., Astropart. Phys. 5, 309 (1996) | Full range | Proton-only broken power law |
SimplePowerlaw27 |
Based on Thunman | Below knee | Proton-only \(E^{-2.7}\) |
GlobalSplineFitBeta |
Dembinski et al., PoS ICRC2017 533 | 10 GV - \(10^{11}\) GeV | Spline-based, nucleon flux only |
Nucleus ID Scheme (CORSIKA)
Protons have ID 14. Composite nuclei: ID = 100 * A + Z
| Nucleus | A | Z | CORSIKA ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proton | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| Helium | 4 | 2 | 402 |
| Carbon | 12 | 6 | 1206 |
| Silicon | 28 | 14 | 2814 |
| Iron | 54 | 26 | 5426 |
Geomagnetic Cutoff
All models accept geomagnetic_cutoff (in GV) as a constructor parameter.
For a nucleus with charge \(Z\), the energy cutoff is \(E_\text{cut} = Z \times R_\text{cut}\) (GeV).
Flux is zeroed below this energy.
import crflux.models as mods
# 7 GV cutoff (typical for mid-latitudes)
model = mods.HillasGaisser2012("H3a", geomagnetic_cutoff=7.0)
The plot below shows the effect of different cutoff values on the H3a nucleon flux:
